In government, American Presidents are the forty-plus leaders of the United States, since its founding, in the years to follow its 1776 declaration of independence from England, among which, in respect to hmolscience, a significant number stem from the Princeton school of social physics. Notable and or relevant factoids are shown below:

#
President
IQNotables




1.George Washington 75George Washington
(1732-1799)
Term: 1789-1797
IQ:140|#491(Cattell 1000:19) [RGM:50|1400+] (EPD:F11) [2]
2.John Adams 75John Adams
(1735-1826)
Term: 1797-1801
IQ:170|#272 [HD:14] The patriarch of the so-called Adams family (or Adams political family): his son, John Quincy Adams, was 6th president, and his great grandson was Henry Adams, the leading social Newton, behind Goethe.
3.Jefferson 75Thomas Jefferson
(1743-1826)
Term: 1801-1809
IQ:190|#44 [HD:17] One of fabled "last persons to know everything"; a Cattell 1000 (top 90); library=6,487 books; known for: American government founding; atheism advocation (situated the separation of church and state clause in the Constitution in 1802); was a polymath who spoke five languages and was deeply interested in science and political philosophy; he once stated "I cannot live without books”; Quote: “He who knows nothing is closer to the truth than he whose mind is filled with falsehoods and errors.” (Ѻ) The 1608 English translation of Simon Stevin’s work Disme, The Arts of Tenths or Decimal Arithmetike, by Robert Norton, is said to have inspired him to propose a decimal monetary unit for the US. The tenth of a dollar is still referred to as a “dime”; often met with other encyclopedists at Café Procope (see: epicenter genius); noted for the “all men are created equal” motto used in the Declaration of Independence; a theory that, in hmolscience logic, would translate as “all molecules are synthesized equal” (see: contented molecule).
4.James Madison 75James Madison
(1751-1836)
Term: 1809-1817
IQ:170|#270 [HD:18] The patriarch of the so-called Princeton school of social physics; in 1769, was studying a primitive form of social physics a Princeton; was a student of John Witherspoon (1723-1794), a signatory of the Declaration of Independence, and noted interpreter of the political philosophy of Charles Montesquieu, notable for his “hot climates” / “cold climates” theory of human behavior, who in turn had been deeply influenced by the celestial mechanics work of Isaac Newton; a set of teachings, that went into the so-called Newtonian-based framing of the US Constitution, e.g. separation of powers, as Woodrow Wilson (#28) argued; or as John Q. Stewart stated: “in early Princeton, physics cooperated with politics in a sort of analogical double play, Newton to Witherspoon to Madison.”
5.James Monroe 75James Monroe
(1758–1831)
Term: 1817-1825

After replacing Morris as minister to France, he obtained Thomas Paine’s release from prison, after which Paine stayed in Monroe’s home, where he penned part 2 of The Age of Reason (Jacoby, 2004; pg. 41.
6.John Quincy Adams 75John Quincy Adams
(1767–1848)
Term: 1825-1829
IQ:175|#222Son of John Adams (2nd president); his grandson was Henry Adams, the leading social Newton, behind Goethe; When he sworn into office, he chose (Ѻ) to swear on a book of law instead of the Bible, because he wanted to make it clear that he was protecting the US constitution and the laws of the US above all else.
7.Andrew Jackson
(1767–1845)
Term: 1829-1837


8.Martin van Buren
(1782–1862)
Term: 1837-1841


9.William Harrison
(1773–1841)
Term: 1841


10.John Tyler
(1790–1862)
Term: 1841-1845


11.James Polk
(1795–1849)
Term: 1845-1849


12.Zachary Taylor
(1784–1850)
Term: 1849-1850


13.Millard Fillmore
(1800–1874)
Term: 1850-1853


14.Franklin Pierce
(1804–1869)
Term: 1853-1857

Took oath by swearing, not on Bible, but on a law book, per reason that the believed that the death of his son, killed in a train accident, two months before he took office, was punishment for his sins. (Ѻ)
15.James Buchanan
(1791–1868)
Term: 1857-1861


16.Abraham Lincoln 75Abraham Lincoln
(1809–1865)
Term: 1861-1865
IQ:170|#271 A Cattell 1000 (top 40); led the union to victory in the Civil War (1861-1865); his 1863 Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves in America, paving the way for slavery’s eventual abolition.
17.Andrew Johnson
(1808–1875)
Term: 1865-1869


18.Ulysses Grant
(1822–1885)
Term: 1869-1877


19.Rutherford Hayes
(1822–1893)
Term: 1877-1881


20.James Garfield
(1831–1881)
Term: 1881


21.Chester Arthur
(1829–1886)
Term: 1881-1885


22.Grover Cleveland
(1837–1908)
Term: 1885-1889


23.Benjamin Harrison
(1833–1901)
Term: 1889-1893


24.Grover Cleveland
(1837–1908)
Term: 1893-1897


25.William McKinley
(1843–1901)
Term: 1897-1901


26.Theodore Roosevelt
(1858–1919)
Term: 1901-1909
IQ:150|#455[RGM:307|1,305+]
27.William Taft
(1857–1930)
Term: 1909-1913


28.Woodrow Wilson 75Woodrow Wilson
(1856–1924)
Term: 1913-1921

During his 1912 presidential candidacy speeches, argued that Constitution, written by James Madison based on Newtonian physics logic, was in need of reform and upgrade; namely that government, according to modern science, was answerable not to Newton, but to Darwin.
29. Warren Harding
(1865–1923)
Term: 1921-1923


30.Calvin Coolidge 75Calvin Coolidge
(1872–1933)
Term: 1923-1929

Noted, in evolutionary psychology, for "Coolidge effect", the phenomenon, supposedly, observed by Coolidge at a chicken farm with his wife, that males (and to a lesser extent females) exhibit renewed sexual ability, continuously, albeit only if new receptive sexual partners are presented. [3]
31.Herbert Hoover
(1874–1964)
Term: 1929-1933


32.Franklin D. Roosevelt
(1882–1945)
Term: 1933-1945
IQ:145|#474[RGM:362|1,305+]
33.Harry Truman
(1884–1972)
Term: 1945-1953


34.Dwight Eisenhower
(1890–1969)
Term: 1953-1961


35.JFK 75John Kennedy
(1917–1963)
Term: 1961-1963
IQ:165|#345[RGM:114|1,305+]
36.Lyndon Johnson
(1908–1973)
Term: 1963-1969


37.Richard Nixon
(1913–1994)
Term: 1969-1974


38.Gerald Ford
(1913–2006)
Term: 1974-1977


39.Jimmy Carter
(1924-)
Term: 1977-1981


40.Ronald Reagan
(1911–2004)
Term: 1981-1989


41.George H. W. Bush
(1924-)
Term: 1989-1993


42.Bill Clinton
(1946-)
Term: 1993-2001


43.George W. Bush 75George W. Bush
(1946-)
Term: 2001-2009

His administration, in 2001, began to limit federal funding to stem cell research in which "the life-and-death decision has already been made", which launched the stem cell controversy about ethics of stem cell research (a separation of church and state issue); the logical objection of which, being underlying Christianity-based, as 1993 NIH researcher turned 2009 NIH head Francis Collins argues, being that certain types of stem cells have a soul; hence it is immoral to use them for research purposes. [4]
44.Barack Obama 75Barack Obama
(1961-)
Term: 2009-2015
IQE:135A a quick estimate for IQ was made based on the mean of a number of spurious Internet sources: 110-160 (Ѻ), 120-130 (Ѻ), 130 (Ѻ), 145 (Ѻ); averaged up for secular views employed in politics in respect to religion.
45Donald TrumpDonald Trump
(1946-)
Term: 2017-

In 2013, Trump Tweeted: “Sorry losers and haters, but my I.Q. is one of the highest -and you all know it!” (Ѻ)

“I know some of you may think I’m tough and harsh but actually I’m a very compassionate person (with a very high IQ) and with strong common sense.”
— Donald Trump (2013), Tweet, Apr 21

In 2013, Trump tweeted that his IQ was “much higher” than Barack Obama and George W. Bush. (Ѻ)

In 2015, Trump’s IQ was reported, in an article (Ѻ) by BeforeItsNews.com, as being 156 based on the fact that he graduated from Wharton School, that the average student needs an SAT score of 1500 to get in, and that this translates to an IQ of 145 to 149 or 156 as reported. This was reported (Ѻ) by Snopes.com to be a hoax article.

In 2016, based on the previous “hoax IQ”, a presidential IQ chart began making the rounds, in social media, stating something to the affect that Dean Simonton was the one who calculated Trump’s IQ at 156 (Ѻ)(Ѻ) and that his IQ was second highest presidential IQ, below John Q. Adams and above Thomas Jefferson.

In Mar 2017, a poll conducted of 3,000 UK residents ranked Trump second lowest in intelligence, above George W. Bush, and ranked Obama first in intelligence, among 30 most talked about public figures on YouGov.com. (Ѻ)

In 2017, Jordan Peterson, who thinks his own IQ is in “excess of 150”, stated, in interview (Ѻ), that the “a 160 IQ estimate” for Donald Trump is “too high”, but crouched his statement by noting that being a business mogul, a successful reality show producer, and president does take some level of multifaceted intelligence.

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Religious affiliation
Nearly all US presidents, in belief system, have been characterized as being adherents to Christianity in religious belief, with the exceptions of four who have been said to have had some type of atheism association or were nonreligious or with no religious affiliation: Thomas Jefferson, and as others have argued or alleged: Abraham Lincoln, William Taft, and Barack Obama. [5]

Unique among the group is Jefferson, who with his "last persons to know everything", polymath-polyglot, walking encyclopedia status, possessor of a 6,487 book personal library, suffered from the so-called “Henry Adams effect”, described in 1907 by Henry Adams, in his The Education of Henry Adams (see: genius), about how the active mind will always be several generations or millennia ahead of his or her peers, who will be caught in a slower type of mental inertia.

Intelligence
See main: American Presidents by IQ
The following are the results of about 25-35 people with the query "Who are the Three Smartest American Presidents", of which 18 were able to give answers, the results of which are shown below, along with known IQ estimates from genius IQ table (IQG) from American psychologist Dean Simonton's 2006 historical extrapolation estimates (IQS)—who, to note, seems to consider John Adams to have the highest IQ, ahead of Thomas Jefferson (who he ranks second in intelligence): [6]

Rank
Smartest Presidents
(2013 colloquial opinion)
Votes
IQG/IQC
Smartest Presidents
(2006 Simonton ranking)
IQsSmartest Presidents
(2016 Thims ranking)
IQs
(top 500)


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1.Thomas Jefferson
(1743-1826)
11180John Adams (1735-1826) 173Thomas Jefferson
(1743-1826)
IQ:180|#91
2.Abraham Lincoln
(1809–1865)
8160Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) 160James Madison (1751-1836) IQ:170|#254
3.John F. Kennedy
(1917–1963)
6
John F. Kennedy (1917–1963)158Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865)IQ:170|#255
4.Franklin D. Roosevelt
(1882–1945)
6
Bill Clinton
(1946-)
156John Adams (1735-1826) IQ:170|#256
5.Bill Clinton
(1946-)
5
James Madison (1751-1836) 155John F. Kennedy (1917–1963)

6.Theodore Roosevelt
(1858–1919)
5
Jimmy Carter
(1924-)
153Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924)

7.John Adams
(1735-1826)
2
Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924)152Barack Obama (1961-)

8.Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924)2
Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919)149Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919)

9.George Washington (1732-1799) 2
James Garfield (1831–1881)148


10.James Madison (1751-1836) 1160Chester Arthur (1829–1886)148


11Jimmy Carter
(1924-)
1
Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865)148


12.Ronald Reagan (1911–2004)1
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945)146


13.Barack Obama (1961-)1134Millard Fillmore (1800–1874)143


14.Lyndon Johnson (1908–1973)1
John Tyler (1790–1862)142


15.Harry Truman (1884–1972)1
Franklin Pierce (1804–1869)141


16.James Monroe (1758–1831)1






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Leaders | Scientific paradigm based
The following are noted leaders of countries who each based their governance models on one or another distinct scientific paradigms:

Adolf Hitler |
Benito Mussolini | Vilfredo Pareto, Friedrich Nietzsche
James Madison | Isaac Newton
● Joseph Stalin | Karl Marx
Mehdi Bazargan |
Napoleon Bonaparte | Johann Goethe
Thomas Jefferson | Epicurus
Woodrow Wilson | Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin

See also
Founding fathers fallacy

References
1. Adams political family – Wikipedia.
2. Cox, Catharine, M. (1926). Early Mental Traits of Three Hundred Geniuses (Genetic Studies of Genius Series) (George Washington, pgs. 345-). Stanford University Press.
3. Coolidge effect – Wikipedia.
4. (a) Bush, George W. (2001). “President Discusses Stem Cell Research”, Aug 09.
(b) Stem cell controversy – Wikipedia.
5. Religious affiliations of Presidents of the United States – Wikipedia.
6. (a) Thims, Libb. (2013). "Poll: 3 Smartest American Presidents?" (N=25-35/18), Nov 11.
(b) Simonton, Dean K. (2006). “Presidential IQ, Openness, Intellectual Brilliance, and Leadership: Estimates and Correlations for 42 U.S. Chief Executives” (pdf), Political Psychology, 27(4):511-26.
(c) IQ estimates [of US Presidents] by academics (section) – Wikipedia.

External links
List of Presidents of the United States – Wikipedia.
List of Presidents of the United States by time in office – Wikipedia.
The Presidents – WhiteHouse.gov.

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