Boltzmann brain fluctuation diagram, used in discussions of the Boltzmann brain problem.

“All systems contain subsystems, which are continually ‘fluctuating’. At times, a single fluctuation or a combination of them may become so powerful, as a result of feedback, that it shatters the preexisting organization. At this revolutionary moment, called a ‘singular moment’ or ‘bifurcation point’, it is inherently impossible to determine in advance which direction change will take: whether the system will disintegrate into ‘chaos’ or leap to a new, more differentiated, higher level of ‘order’ or organization, called a ‘dissipative structure’.”