Hubert Yockey nsIn science, Hubert Yockey (1916-) is an American physicist turned information theorist noted for []

Overview
In 1977, Yockey began to present his ‘mistaken belief’, according to American evolution chemist Jeffrey Wicken, that the development of the Shannon H function—called ‘entropy’ by namesake adoption in information theory, as outlined by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949—has resulted in a true generalization of the Carnot-Clausius (1824-1865) state function treatment and the Boltzmann-Gibbs (1872-1902) statistical treatment of the original entropy formulation of heat in thermodynamics, thus, in a sense, freeing it from disciplinary framework of thermodynamics for use in probability distributions in general. [1] Yockey (and or his daughter) describes himself as such: [6]

“Nuclear physicist and bioinformatician Dr. Hubert P. Yockey shows why Michael Behe and his ilk are wrong in his books, Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life (2005) and Information Theory and Molecular Biology (1992). Dr. Yockey’s publications, going back to the 1950s, were seminal in creating the field of bioinformatics. He also is the only scientist who has defined the distinction between living [matter] and non-living matterhis definition is fundamental to the scientific understanding of the origin of life.”

In this sense, it would seem that Yockey's agenda is to do battle with the intelligent design crowd platformed on the Shannon bandwagon.

Negative entropy
On the term "negative entropy" or negentropy, Yockey states that "the notion of negentropy has crept into the textbooks and the technical and popular literature" and that "it must be exorcised to avoid more damage". [7]

Information theory war
Interestingly, similar to the retrospect 2011 comments made by Canadian zoologist Daniel Brooks, in regards to the continuous attack made on him during the previous 30-years in regards his Brooks-Wiley theory, also based on Shannon information theory, Yockey opens to the following art of war quote by Italian philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli: [3]

“It must be considered that there is nothing more difficult to carry out nor more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to handle, than to initiate a new order of things. For the reformer has enemies in all those who profit by the new order, and only lukewarm defenders in all those who would profit by the new order, this lukewarmness arising partly for fear of their adversaries, who have the laws in their favor; and partly from the incredulity of men, who do not truly believe in anything new until they have had actual experience of it.”

The thermal wording, i.e. "lukewarmness", and feel of is nearly identical to Brooks' reflective comment:

“By 1982, the centenary of Darwin's death, Niles Eldredge and Steven J. Gould had catalyzed a loosely connected group of evolutionary biologists unhappy with the New Synthesis to unleash a cascade of criticisms and proposals. Emboldened by this display of the scientific community at its meritocratic best, Ed Wiley and I entered the fray. The day we finished proofreading Evolution as Entropy [1986], David Hull presciently warned us the fun was over. Soon, I received an envelope from a friend who had seen a manuscript on a colleague's desk. Such privileged material is rarely copied and forwarded. My friend wrote, "I think you and Ed should know what you're up against." The privately circulated manuscript was authored by three academics at the University of California-Berkeley. Ed and I were stunned by its vicious tone. Why the rhetorical heat?”
Daniel Brooks (2011) [4]

which also uses thermal wording, i.e. "rhetorical heat"; which by no strange coincidence, is nearly identical to American engineer Myron Tribus’ reflection on the last 50-years at a failed attempt to reformulate thermodynamics in terms of information theory:

“After my book on thermodynamics [Thermostatics and Thermodynamics: an Introduction to Energy, Information and States of Matter, 1961] appeared I sat back and waited for a call from the Nobel Committee. They never wrote. But other people did write and it was not at all what I wanted to hear. My attempts at getting engineering professors to adopt the new way to look at thermodynamics was a completed failure. Not only that, but I was attacked as someone who had taken intellectual shortcuts.”
Myron Tribus, “A Tribute to Edwin T. Jaynes” (1998) [5]

Interestingly, then, here, in comparison, we see three individuals reflecting on the turmoil of a 30-year plus uphill "heated" battle, each the end result of taking a ride on the Shannon bandwagon, even after being told the ride was over (e.g. "fun was over", Brooks, c.1985)very curious similarity indeed.

Religion
Yockey is often cited as a reference in the Creationism / intelligent design movement; supposedly, because he tends to cite Bible quotes in his work, and that although he supports Darwinian evolution, is critical of the primordial soup origin of life theory, and believes that "the origin of life is unsolvable as a scientific problem." The following, to give insight into this connection, is Doug Groothius’ 2009 view of the implications of Yockey’s theory:

“Professor Yockey has ruled out all materialistic explanations. If so, then a nonmaterialistic explanation may be in order. If life cannot come from non-life unaided, then why not infer that it came from life of a designer that brought it into being?”

In response to these assertions, his daughter Cynthia Yockey comment the following 2009 opening remark in their jointly-written blog: [2]

“The first thing I want noted about my father is that he is not in any way, shape or form a Creationist. He does not support intelligent design. He supports Darwin’s theory of evolution and points out that it is one of the best-supported theories in science. It is absolutely crazy to assert that my father is a creationist because he quotes the Bible in his scientific publications. He quotes Greek and Roman myths considerably more frequently than the Bible, yet no one has used that as evidence that he is a pagan, or Dionysian or Apollonian.”

Whatever the case, science writers who cite Bible discussions of tend to have complex and riddled responses when being queried about their Dawkins number.

Education
Yockey completed his PhD in physics in 1943, with a dissertation on “Neutron Yields from Be, Cu, Bi, Sr, and P in the Sixty-Inch Cyclotron”, at the University of California, Berkeley. He was a co-author of the 1951 book Effects of Cyclotron Irradiation on Creep of Aluminum. Soon thereafter, Yockey seems to have begun to switch gears into the newly-formed information theory field. In 1958, for example, he was one of the editors of the 1958 Symposium on Information Theory in Biology, Gatlinburg, Tennessee. In 2005, Yockey described himself as a former director of the US Army Pulsed Radiation Facility, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland.

References
1. (a) Yockey, Hubert P. (1977). “A Calculation of the Probability of Spontaneous Biogenesis by Information Theory”, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 67: 367-98.
(b) Wicken, Jeffrey S. (1987). “Entropy and Information: Suggestions for a Common Language” (abs), Philosophy of Science, 54(2): 176-93.
2. Yockey, Cynthia. (2009). “Overview”, HubertPYockey.com, Blog, Feb 20.
3. (a) Machiavelli, Niccolo. (1513). The Prince (§6). Publisher.
(b) Yockey, Hubert P. (2005). Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life. Cambridge University Press.
4. Brooks, Daniel R. (2011). “The Extended Synthesis: Something Old, Something New”, Evolution: Education and Outreach, 4(1):3-7.
5. Tribus, M. (1998). “A Tribute to Edwin T. Jaynes”. In Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods, Garching, Germany 1998: Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods of Statistical Analysis (pgs. 11-20) by Wolfgang von der Linde, Volker Dose, Rainer Fischer, and Roland Preuss. 1999. Springer.
6. Hubert Yockey (about) – hubertpyockey.com.
7. Yockey, Hubert P. (2005). Information Theory, Evolution, and the Origin of Life (pg. 32). Cambridge University Press.

Further reading
● Yockey, Hubert P. (1981). “Self Organization Origin of Life Scenarios and Information Theory”, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 91:13-31.
● Yockey, Hubert P. (1992). Information Theory and Molecular Biology. University Press.

External links
Herbert Yockey – Wikipedia.
Yockey, Hubert P. – WorldCat Identities.

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