In hmolscience, human is a []
Models | Historical
The following is a work-in-progress listing, of the 132+ historical "terms", employed to define a human, grouped into 29-categories:
Type Person Date ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Clay Clay creation myth | ReligiousImhotep 2600BC Adam and Eve [Clay + Spirit]Bible 500BC 2. Four Elements Four element thing / existentAristotle 350BC 3. Machine Automaton | Dualism (religious + physical)Rene Descartes 1637 Motor Heat engine Physico-chemical machineWilhelm Ostwald [15] 1901 Steam engine [13]Felix Adler [13] 1916 4. Atom Thinking atoms [see: Lisbon poem]Voltaire 1755
→ Ravi Zacharias (1990) Tormented atomsVoltaire 1755 Point atomHumphry Davy 1813 Organic individualityNathaniel Shaler 1891 Atomic and molecular motionHoward Lovecraft 1916 Batch of atomsPaul Aebersold 1949 Batch of stable isotopesPaul Aebersold 1949 Atomic thing with curiosityRichard Feynman 1963 AtomismArthur Iberall 1987 Bunch of atomsMichael Ruse 2000 Atomic geometryLibb Thims 2012 Aware atomic assemblageTaylor (Ѻ) c.2015 5. Wave | Orbital Ernst Mach 1885 Wave-particle duality Wave function | Human wave functionPeter Atkins 1992 Quantum cloudAntony Gormley c.1998 Wave function / orbital (see: human molecular orbital)Libb Thims 2003 Wave-particle beingKendra Krueger 2018 6. Four Elements / Elements Animate combination of the universePercy Shelley 1815 7. Element Chemical elementWilliam Fairburn 1914 ElementJohn Claxton 2006 8. Molecule MoleculeJean Sales 1789 Mega-molecule Molecular person | Molecular entityGeorge Scott 1985 SupermoleculeJean-Marie Lehn 1995 Molecular agentVilfredo Pareto 1907 Molecular species [see: fugacity]Mirza Beg? 1987 Obscure lump of moleculesBarry Barnes 1998 Abstract moleculeMichael McLure 2002 Overgrown supermoleculePeter Pogany 2006 Evolved animated molecular structureCarolyn Porco 2006 Powered metabolic moleculeLibb Thims 2013 9. Particle Irving Fisher 1892 Fluid particle Gas particle1872 Gas moleculeLudwig Boltzmann Active Brownian agentLutz Schimansky-Geier 1995 10. Phase PhaseHenry Adams 1908 [Existence] phase | Point phaseBruce Lindsay 1983 Equilibrium11. Evolved | Metamorphosized chemical | CHEM Metamophosized physico-chemical substanceJohann Goethe 1796 CHEM thing (see: CHEM cypher)Goethe 1809 Evolved carbon chemistry animal machine well-informed heat engineJerome Rothstein 1979 12. Chemical Chemical combinationNikolay Chernyshevsky 1860 ChemicalThomas Dreier 1910 Chemical species Chemical formula in operationGeorge Carey 1919 Chemical moleculeGilbert Lewis Samuel Gorvy
Surya Pati1925
1970
2009 Chemical machineErnest Borek 1952 Chemical entityJohn Tukey 1966 Chemical substanceMirza Beg 1987 Chemical beingZane Claes (Ѻ) 2011 Promiscuous biochemicalBen Carson’ 2015 13. Physico-Chemical Affinity-powered chemical "electrical mechanism"Honore Balzac 1834 Physico-chemical mechanismJames Johnstone 1914 14. Compound Physico-chemical compoundFrank Stockbridge 1912 [Atomic] compoundFrank Copley 1977 15. Stardust | Humans as stardust Hilda Finnemore (Ѻ) 1924 Star [elements]Alfred Lotka 1925 Star-stuffCarl Sagan 1980 StardustLawrence Krauss c.2005 Star detritusNeil Tyson 2007 16. Liquid Gas-liquid two phase social modelLawrence Henderson 1935 Benard cell social moleculeIlya Prigogine 1972 Human liquidMarc Donohue 2014 17. Eddy | Loop Energy eddy (second law destined)Charles Sherrington 1938 Shape-stable energy-steaming flame-like physico-chemical whirlpool phenomenonAlan Watts c.1955 Second law based evolved eddyBuckminster Fuller 1976 Light-powered chemical-fueled order-constructing heat-dissipating eddy (Ѻ) (Ѻ)J. Scott Turner 2000 Strange loopDouglas Hofstadter Extant molecular eddyLibb Thims 2014 18. Protons Electron-proton configurationAlbert Weiss 1925 Electron-proton systemAlbert Weiss 1925 Locus in the electron-proton movement continuumAlbert Weiss 1925 Pile of protonsHoward Bloom 2013 Proton-electron configurationLibb Thims (Ѻ) 2014 19. Matter Cogged dice (loaded dice) matter-machinesBaron d’Holbach 1770 Material beingBaron d’Holbach 1770 State of matterGeorge Simpson 1967 Baryonic matterMichael Rowan-Robinson 1999 20. Crystal Evolved crystalGilbert Lewis 1925 Liquid crystallineMae-Wan Ho 1999 21. Dissipative structure Far-from-equilibrium dissipative structureIlya Prigogine 1972 Far-from-equilibrium space-time structureMae-Wan Ho 1999 Far-from-equilibrium solar-powered refrigeratorAddy Pross 2012 22. Powered Powered CHNOPS systemHenry Swan 1974 Powered atomic geometryLibb Thims 2014 23. Fundamental particle Fermion or bosonLouis Barrett 1977 Fermion or bosonEd Stephan 1977 Baryon-lepton compositeMichael Rowan-Robinson 1999 Fermion-boson arrangementLibb Thims (Ѻ) 2014 24. Electron Electron spinElliott Montroll 1981 Free electronSteve McMenamin 1986 25. Bag | Sack Sack of chemicalsWilliam Herrick (Ѻ) 1983 Soulless sack of chemicals machineAuthor (Ѻ) 1991 Bag of chemicalsMichael Rowan-Robinson 1999 Complex sack of chemicalsRobert Beezat (Ѻ) 2010 Empty sack of chemicals endlessly interactingMichael White (Ѻ) 2010 Soulless bag of chemicalsKurt Bell 2011 Buckets of waterAdrian Bejan 2017 26. Carbon | Based Carbon gorgon (Ѻ)Ernst Haeckel (attributed) 1888 Carbon-based organismHarold Morowitz (attributed) 1960s Carbon-based bipedArthur Clarke [14] 1992 Carbon unitAnon (Ѻ) / Star Trek (Ѻ)(Ѻ) 2001 CH-based thing (Ѻ)Thims 2017 CH-based animationThims 2019 27. Scum Heated chemical scumStephen Hawking 1995 Pond scumNeil Shubin 2008 Evolved pond scumRay Comfort 2013 28. C-H-N-O-S-P combination Wilhelm Ostwald 1926 Evolved "CHNOPS" plus substanceFrank Thone 1936 CHNOPS systemGeorge Armstrong 1964 CHNOPS organismHarold Morowitz 1968 Powered CHNOPS+ matrixHenry Swan 1974 HOCN+ mega-moleculeRohann Solare 2009 29. State Bound stateLibb Thims c.2005 Entropy stateBill Marsilii (Ѻ)
Terry Rossio2006 30. Multi-element molecule / other 22-element reactive moleculeRobert Sterner &
James Elser2000 26-element reactive moleculeLibb Thims 2002 26-element energy / heat driven atomic structureKalyan Annamalai &
Carlos Silva2011 22-element formulaNeil Shubin 2013 Powered surface-attached coupled 26-element turnover-rate freely-running moleculeLibb Thims 2013 Solar-powered atomic geometryLibb Thims (Ѻ) 2014 CHNOPS+20 chemical speciesLibb Thims 2015 Powered CHNOPS+20 moleculeLibb Thims 2015 Electrochemical processAnon (Thims paraphrase) (Ѻ) 2015 Powered CHNOPS+20 phaseLibb Thims (Ѻ) 2016 CxHy+24 element thingLibb Thims (Ѻ) Powered CHNOPS+20 thingLibb Thims (Ѻ) 2018 Powered CHNOPS+20 element existiveLibb Thims [N1] 2020
Left: Anubis weight a person’s soul—thought to be contained in the heart—against the feather of truth, the “weight” conceptualized as being proportional to one’s bad deeds and acts, quantified by the 42 negative confessions, while Thoth waits to record the result. Right: the seeming-to-be modern day replacement for the ancient concept of the soul: heat, energy, and drive, as adjudged by review of recent attempts to define a human, particularly by science vs religion tensioned writers, amid a growing accuracy of chemistry and physics. |
“With the advent of the scientific age, the body was confirmed to be a mere sack of chemicals, a machine without a soul.”— Connie Zweig and Jeremiah Abrams (1991), Meeting the Shadow (Ѻ); quoted in Lee Booth’s 2012 Knowing and Loving (Ѻ)
“One, without god and judgment there is no meaning or justice in life. Two, without God and your own soul you are nothing more than an empty sack of chemicals endlessly interacting.”— Michael White (2010), Of Science and God (Ѻ)
“How and what we think about God has a large role to play in how and what we think about human beings and the morality and ethics of interacting with each other. If God does not exist, then we are only a complex sack of chemicals and biological processes. There is really no reason to act as if a human being is something worth respecting and treating with dignity and love.”— Robert Beezat (2010), Knowing and Loving (Ѻ)
“A human is a 26-element energy/heat driven atomic structure.”— Kalyan Annamalai and Carlos Silva (2011), Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics (Ѻ); per citation of Libb Thims’ 2002 Human Thermodynamics
See also: Human thermodynamic variableThe following are classical models, listed in loose chronological order, of the various ways thinkers have attempted to model humans, and or a human social system, depending, based on established physical models.
# | Theorist | Model |
42 pre-dynastic nomes (5000-3100BC) Lower Egypt: 20 nomes Upper Egypt: 22 nomes ● Religion ● Negative confessions (42 forbidden sins → 10 commandments) ● Nun cosmology | ||
1. | Narmer (c.3100-3050 BC) Egyptian pharaoh Heliopolis creation myth Dates: 3100BC ● Ra theology (Anunian theology) | |
72 percent of modern beliefs | ||
2. | Imhotep (2635-2595BC) Egyptian polymath Date: 2600BC Model: clay creation myth | |
3. | Empedocles (490-430 BC) Greek philosopher Date: 450BC Model: 4 elements + 2 forces | |
Description: “People who love each other mix like water and wine; people who hate each other segregate like water and oil.” | ||
4. | Leucippus (c.500-430 BC) Greek philosopher Date: 445BC Model: atoms + voids | |
Description: Everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms, and that since movement exists, there has to be vacuum. True being, however, does not admit of vacuum, and there can be no movement in the absence of vacuum; vacuum is identified with non-being, since it cannot really be. | ||
5. | Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian polymath Date: 1487 Model: Vitruvian man | |
Description: Based on Roman architect Vitruvius’s ideal human proportions with geometry described in Book III of his treatise De Architectura, the workings of the human body are analogous to the geometrical workings of the universe. [4] | ||
6. | Rene Descartes (1596-1650) French natural philosopher Date: 1637 Model: Two nature human machine/automaton | |
Description: “I regard the human body as a machine [or automaton] so built and put together of bone, nerve, muscle, vein, blood and skin, that still, although it had no mind, it would not fail to move in all the same ways as at present, since it does not move by the direction of its will, nor consequently by means of the mind, but only by the arrangement of its organs.” | ||
7. | Benedict Spinoza (1632-1677) Dutch philosopher Date: 1676 Model: One nature Euclidean human | |
Description: “All things happen according to the laws of nature.” “I shall consider human actions and desires in exactly the same manner, as though I were concerned with lines, planes, and solids.” | ||
8. | Isaac Newton (1643-1727) English physicist-chemist Date: 1674 Model: mechanical-chemical self-motion | |
Description: "God who gave animals self motion beyond our understanding is without doubt able to implant other principles of motion in bodies which we may understand as little. Some would readily grant this may be a spiritual one; yet a mechanical one might be shown." | ||
9. | Jean Sales (1741-1816) French philosopher Date: 1789 Model: human molecule See: HMS pioneers; HM theory, HM formula | |
Description: “We conclude that there exists a principle of the human body which comes from the great process in which so many millions of atoms of the earth become many millions of human molecules.” [5] | ||
10. | Johann Goethe (1749-1832) German polyintellect Date: 1796 Model: human chemical | Chemical Behavior = Human Behavior |
11. | Humphry Davy (1778-1829) English chemist Date: 1813 Model: point atom (Boscovich-Priestly point center of force) | |
Description: “The true chemical philosopher sees man an atom amidst atoms fixed upon a point in space; and yet modifying the laws that are around him by understanding them; and gaining, as it were, a kind of dominion over time, and an empire in material space, and exerting on a scale infinitely small a power seeming a sort of shadow or reflection of a creative energy, and which entitles him to the distinction of being made in the image of God and animated by a spark of the divine mind.” | ||
12. | Leon Walras (1834-1910) French socioeconomist Date: c.1858 Model: economic molecule See: Lausanne school of physical economics | Economic agent + molecule |
13. | Auguste Chauveau (1827-1917) French animal physiologist Date: 1887 Model: human engine | | |
Description: “What we can state as far as the engines of the physical world are concerned can necessarily and completely be applied to organized machines, and […] to the human machine, which we can study most easily and scientifically.” [12] | ||
14. | Irving Fisher (1867-1947) American economist Date: 1892 Model: human particle See: human thermodynamic variables table | |
Description: “A particle in mechanics corresponds to an individual in economics.” [6] | ||
15. | Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) French-Italian engineer Date: 1897 Model: homo economicus | Economic agent = human molecule + external forces |
16. | Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) French-Italian engineer Date: 1902 Model: Spinning top molecular social pyramid (Pareto principle) | |
Description: “The molecules of which the social aggregate is composed don’t stay at rest; some individuals enrich themselves, other impoverish themselves.” | ||
17. | William Adams (1832-1906) English writer Date: 1903 Model: social atom | |
Description: “I call myself a social atom—a small speck of the surface of society.” | ||
18. | William Fairburn (1876-1947) English-born American engineer Date: 1914 Model: human chemical element | |
19. | Gilbert Lewis (1875-1946) American physical chemist Date: 1925 Model: human crystal | |
Description: “Suppose that this hypothetical experiment could be realized and suppose we could discover a whole chain of phenomena, leading by imperceptible gradations form the simplest chemical molecule to the most highly developed organism. Would we then say that my preparation of [Anatomy of Science] is only a chemical reaction [extrapolate up], or, conversely that a crystal is thinking [extrapolate down] about the concepts of science?” [7] | ||
20. | Ettore Majorana (1906-1938) Italian engineer and theoretical physicist Date: c.1935 Model: quantum mechanical social human (human quantum mechanics) | |
21. | George Lundberg (1895-1966) American sociologist Date: 1939 Model: Electron-proton configuration | |
22. | John Neumann (1903-1957) American chemical engineer, mathematician, and computer pioneer Date: 1948 Model: Self-replicative automaton theory (Neumann automaton theory) | |
23. | Ilya Prigogine (1917-2003) Russian-born Belgian chemist and thermodynamicist Date: 1971 Model: Benard cell human (dissipative structure) | |
24. | Jerome Rothstein (1918-2002) American physicist Date: 1979 Model: evolved carbon chemistry animal machine well-informed heat engine | |
25. | Elliott Montroll (1916-1983) American chemist, mathematician, and statistical mechanicist Date: 1981 Model: Ising model of human behavior (electron spin model) | |
26. | Hermann Haken (1927-) American physicist Date: 1983 Model: human laser (herd behavior model) | |
Description: “Light, as a laser beam, which as a whole ‘slaves’ or entrains its component atomic waves to its frequency, also exercises a type of formal cause.” [9] | ||
27. | Arthur Iberall (1918-2002) American physicist Date: 1987 Model: human atomism | |
Description: “The factory day is characteristic not only of living systems but also of all complex atomistic systems that persist and that express much of their action internally. For an individual human atomism the factory day largely, but not completely, coincides with the earth’s day.” | ||
28. | Per Bak (1948-2002) Danish theoretical physicist Date: 1988 Model: sand pile human (self-organized criticality) | |
29. | Peter Atkins (1940-) English physical chemist Date: 1992 Model: human wave function | |
30. | James Lovelock (1919-) English scientist Date: 1995 Model: human whirlpool [11] | |
31. | Lutz Schimansky-Geier (1950-) German theoretical physicist Date: 1995 Model: active Brownian agent ("active" Brownian motion model) | |
32. | Fritjof Capra (1939-) Austrian-born American physicist Date: 1996 Model: Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction | |
33. | Alicia Juarrero (1947-) Cuban-born American philosopher Date: 1999 Model: human tornado (vortex model) | |
Description: “Recent research in nonlinear dynamical systems suggests organisms are more like tornadoes or even ‘chaotic’ systems like glass or planets.” [9] | ||
34. | Victor Yakovenko (1961-) Russian-born American physicist Adrian Dragulescu (c.1974-) Romanian-born American physicist Date: 2000 Model: Boltzmann money distribution | |
35. | Robert Sterner (c.1958-) American limnologist James Elser (c.1959-) American limnologist Date: 2000 Model: 22-element abstract reactive molecule (Sterner-Elser human molecular formula) | H375,000,000 O132,000,000 C85,700,000 N6,430,000 Ca1,500,000 P1,020,000 S206,000 Na183,000 K177,000 Cl127,000 Mg40,000 Si38,600 Fe2,680 Zn2,110 Cu76 I14 Mn13 F13 Cr7 Se4 Mo3 Co1 |
36. | Wenyuan Niu (c.1950-) Chinese scientist Date: 2001 Model: Social particle combustion model (social combustion theory) | |
37. | Libb Thims (c.1975-) American electrochemical engineer Date: 2002 Model: 26-element animate reactive molecule (Thims human molecular formula) | H2.5E9 O9.7E8 C4.9E8 N4.7E7 P9.0E6 Ca8.9E6 K2.0E6 Na1.9E6 S1.6E6 Cl1.3E6 Mg3.0E5 Fe5.5E4F5.4E4 Zn1.2E4 Si9.1E3 Cu1.2E3 B7.1E2 Cr98 Mn93 Ni87 Se65 Sn64 I60 Mo19 Co17 V |
38. | Libb Thims (c.1975-) American electrochemical engineer Date: 2003 Model: human molecular orbital | |
39. | Libb Thims (c.1975-) American electrochemical engineer Date: 2009 Model: Defunct theory of life (human ≠ alive) | |
40. | Libb Thims (c.1975-) American electrochemical engineer Date: 2010-2013 Model: synthesis (birth) / analysis (death) model (synthesized molecule model) | |
41. | Kalyan Annamalai (c.1943-) Indian-born American mechanical engineer Carlos Silva (c.1982-) Venezuelan-born American mechanical engineer Date: 2011 Model: Human body | Formulae | |
42. | Addy Pross (1945-) Israeli organic chemist Date: 2012 Model: Far-from-equilibrium solar-powered refrigerator | |
Description: “The simple truth is that the most basic living system, a bacterial cell, is a highly organized far-from-equilibrium functional system, which in a thermodynamic sense mimics the operation of a refrigerator (or solar powered cooler), but is orders of magnitude more complex.” |
A 2013 Yahoo Answers query turned 2014 viral quote meme. |
“Each of us from a purely physical standpoint is a large batch atoms.”— Paul Aebersold (1949), “Atomic Energy Benefits: Radioisotopes”
“To a materialist no thing is real but atoms in a void and we are but molecular people controlled by the actions of natural physicochemical law.”— George Scott (1985), “Molecular People” dedicated to Lucretius
“Humans are an interesting form of baryonic matter.”— Michael Rowan-Robinson (1999), The Nine Numbers of the Cosmos (pg.16)
“If we are made of atoms, then a scientist is a group of atoms studying themselves.”— Anon (2013) “Yahoo Answers Question” (Ѻ); turned 2014 SciencePorn tweet (Ѻ) favorite; turned 2015 quote pic (Ѻ)(Ѻ)(Ѻ)(Ѻ) meme; thematically, a variant of Niels Bohr’s c.1934 view that: “A physicist is just an atom’s way of looking at itself.” (Ѻ)(Ѻ)
A depiction of Frank Thone's 1936 picture of a plant labeled as a "CHNOPS plus" thing. |
“A similar inquiry is made by those who inquire into the ‘number of existents’; for they inquire whether the ultimate constitutes of existing things are one or many, and if many, whether a finite or an infinite plurality. So, they are inquiring whether the principle or element is one or many. We must take for granted that the things that exist by nature are, either all or some of them, in motion—which is made plain by induction.”— Aristotle (350BC), Physics (§1, pgs. 315-16) (translators: R.P. Hardie and R.K. Gaye)