Schrodinger’s cat
An artistic rendition of the 1935 Schrodinger's cat thought experiment.
In physics, Schrodinger’s cat is a famous thought experiment, conceived by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrodinger in 1935, which outlines a paradoxical conclusion of quantum mechanics, namely that, according to the Copenhagen interpretation, an experiment could be devised in which a cat could be observed as both or either dead and alive. [1]

Overview
In 1935, Erwin Schrodinger stated the following: [1]

“One can even set up quite ridiculous cases. A cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with the following device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a Geiger counter, there is a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small that perhaps in the course of the hour, one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none; if it happens, the counter tube discharges, and through a relay releases a hammer that shatters a small flask of hydrocyanic acid. If one has left this entire system to itself for an hour, one would say that the cat still lives if meanwhile no atom has decayed. The psi-function of the entire system would express this by having in it the living and dead cat (pardon the expression) mixed or smeared out in equal parts. It is typical of these cases that an indeterminacy originally restricted to the atomic domain becomes transformed into macroscopic indeterminacy, which can then be resolved by direct observation. That prevents us from so naively accepting as valid a "blurred model" for representing reality. In itself, it would not embody anything unclear or contradictory. There is a difference between a shaky or out-of-focus photograph and a snapshot of clouds and fog banks.”

The famous thought experiment of Schrodinger’s cat, i.e. a cat that is both dead and alive, is based on the absurdity of certain interpretations of the notion of a wave function collapse owing to observation, or something along these lines.

References
1. Schrodinger, Erwin. (1935). Die gegenwärtige Situation in der Quantenmechanik (The present situation in quantum mechanics), Naturwissenschaften (translated by John D. Trimmer in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society). Publisher.

External links
Schrodinger’s cat – Wikipedia.

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