In science, two cultures synergy refers to synergistic relationships, associations, and interactions between the so-called "hard science" Clausius culture (left brain thinkers), or physical science and engineering culture, and the so-called "soft science" Shakespeare culture (right brain thinkers), or liberal arts and humanities culture, according to which a two cultures bridging interaction effect results, so to speak, resulting in more than the sum of the parts individually.
“Every university should have a Department of Applied Greek and a complementary Department of Humanized Physics, and the benefits of these departments also should be extended as freely as is practicable to those who need them most, that is, to those whose main work is in another field.”— Edwin Slosson (1910), Great American Universities
Dates & Location | Thinkers | Product | |||
1890-1923 University of Lausanne + University of Geneva | Economics Leon Walras (1834-1910) Chair of political economy | Economics Maffeo Pantaleoni (1857-1924) | Engineering Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) Chair of political economy | Political Economics Social Mechanics Leon Winiarski (1865-1915) | ● Lausanne school of physical economics ● The Teaching of Pure Political Economics and Social Mechanics in Switzerland Resulted: Pareto writing over eight volumes on his social mechanics / dynamic economics theory; Winiarski wrote a near similar, albeit using the more advanced Clausius inequality. [1] |
1932-1940s Harvard University | ● Harvard Pareto circle ● Sociology 23 ● Mathematical economics | ||||
1945-1955 Princeton University | Physics John Q. Stewart (1894-1972) | Thermodynamics Percy Bridgman (1882-1961) | Sociology Stuart Dodd (1900-1975) | Sociology John Trimmer (1908-1983) | ● Princeton department of social physics ● Princeton school of social physics ● Princeton social physics ● Many publications on social mechanics and social physics, including the 1948 Demographic Gravitation. [2] |
1959-1973 University of South Dakota | George Scott (1921-2002) | ||||
1977-1995 Western Washington University | Sociology Ed Stephan (1939-2008) Chair of sociology | Physics Louis Barrett (c.1940-) Chair of physics | Physical chemistry George Gerhold (1937-) Dean of arts and sciences | ||
2007-present University of Pitesti | Economics Gheorghe Savoiu (1957-) | Physics Ion Siman (1951-) | Physics and thermodynamics Mircea Gligor (1963-) | ● Resulted in the launching (2008) of an annual “Econophysics and Sociophysics” workshop: | |
2015/16-present University not yet determined | Libb Thims (c.1975-) | See: ● Two cultures calls ● Two cultures inquiries ● Two cultures department | ● Textbook: Chemical Thermodynamics: with Applications in the Humanities [5] |