A simplified depiction of armed conflict (war), between a humming bird (a powered gas-like CHNOPS+17 species) and snake (a powered surface-attached CHNOPS+17 species), resulting from territorial overlap, and subsequent "fight" or "flight" reaction, aka the "attack reaction" (Hall, 1966). |
“Now, look how many sorts of things there are which properly fall within the cognizance of human reason, into so many branches does the tree of philosophy divide itself. For treating of figures, it is called geometry; of motion, physics; of natural right, morals; put all together, and they make up philosophy. And truly the geometricians [see: Holbach's geometrician] have very admirably performed their part. For whatsoever assistance doth accrue to the life of man, whether from the observation of the heavens or from the description of the earth; from the notation of times, or from the remotest experiments of navigation; finally, whatsoever things they are in which this present age doth differ from the rude simpleness of antiquity, we must acknowledge to be a debt, which we owe merely to geometry. If the moral philosophers had as happily discharged their duty, I know not what could have been added by human industry to the completion of that happiness which is consistent with human life. For were the nature of human actions as distinctly known as the nature of quantity in geometrical figures, the strength of avarice and ambition, which is sustained by the erroneous opinions of the vulgar as touching the nature of right and wrong, would presently faint and languish; and mankind should enjoy such an immortal peace, that unless it were for habitation, on supposition that the earth should grow too narrow for her inhabitants, there would hardly be left any pretense for war.”— Thomas Hobbes (1642), Publication (Ѻ); in 1894 “Preface” (pg. 6-7) of Leviathan; bolded section seems to be synopsis of Benedict Spinoza’s Ethics (1675) [3]
A depiction of the boundary intrusion, of Russia into Georgia, during the 2008 South Ossetia War. |
“Society, therefore, is the work of nature, since it is a natural product of human perfectibility, equally fertile of evil and of good. Arts and sciences, laws, the diversity of the forms of government, war and commerce — everything, in short, is only a development. The seeds of all were latent in nature; they have unfolded, each in its own time. Perhaps she still retains in her womb other germs, of slower growth, of which future races will reap the fruits. Then genius will expand and take on a still greater form. The tree of science will acquire new branches. As the catalogue of the arts is extended, their scope will become more ample. Thus, new vices and other virtues will manifest themselves.”— Jean Robinet (c.1768), De La Nature, Volume Five (pg. 148) [4]
“The immense physical suffering, the moral degradation, the deep offense to the intellect, the bitter heartbreak that all this destruction causes are of slight moment to the Bolshevik leaders. They coolly assume that when the rearrangement of the human molecules is completed according to their plan all the obstreperous elements of human nature will adapt themselves to the new conditions, and the result will be a very tolerable utopia.”-— Harold Williams (1921), “The Meaning of Civil War in Russia” [2]