In science, Wilhelm Preyer (1841-1897) was an English-born German physiologist noted for his 1880 "motion origin of life theory".
Overview
In 1880, Preyer, in his Hypotheses Concerning the Origin of Life in Scientific Facts, outlined, as summarized by William Sidis (1920), the following origin of life theory: [1]
“The earth itself, in the heated state, was itself an immense living organism, from which all living organisms existing at present are descended; all inorganic matter on the earth being merely the rejected excretions of the former living earth, while the living substance came more and more to resemble protoplasm.”
Prayer, as summarized by Alexander Oparin (1936), argued that following the cooling of the earth, according to the Nebular hypothesis, the following occurred: [3]
“Only when these combinations had in the course of time petrified on the earth's surface, i.e. died out, combinations of elements appeared which till then had remained in gaseous and liquid state, and which have gradually taken on the semblance of protoplasm, the foundation of everything living today. We, therefore, assert that motion is the beginning of life in the world, and that protoplasm is the residuum which must have been left over after the substances now regarded as inorganic had separated out on the cooled surface of the planet.”
Preyer’s theory is said to be similar to Theodor Fechner’s 1873 theory, i.e. of extending the idea of life to the whole cosmos (panbioism), and rejecting over-typical organic and inorganic distinction (or animate and inanimate) that tends to be drawn.
In 1904, Ernst Haeckel, summarized Preyer’s theory, wherein he seems to tend to situate the initiation, start, origin, or name of “life” to the fiery mass in the formation of the earth, as follows: [2]
“The fiery mass of the forming earth is the gigantic organism, and Preyer gives the name of ‘life’ to its rotatory movement (or gravitational energy). As it cooled down, the heavier metals (the dead inorganic masses) separated form it; from the rest of it were formed first simple and afterwards complex carbon-combinations, and finally albumin and plasm."
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Discussion
Preyer's version of the no-origin theory of life, to note is one of the stepping stones to the defunct theory of life view. Also, his differentiation of the elements of the earth, i.e. those that went into living matter (organic matter) and those that went into dead matter (inorganic matter), seems to have some of the flavor of the theory promoted by Vladimir Vernadsky and his biosphere model origin of life.
References
1. (a) Preyer, William T. (1880). Hypotheses Concerning the Origin of Life in Scientific Facts (Die Hypothesen über den Ursprung des Lebens). Berlin: Publisher.
(b) Sidis, William J. (1920). The Animate and the Inanimate (§11: Theories of the Origin of Life). Draft stage 1916; Published: R.G. Badger, 1925.
2. Haeckel, Ernst. (1904). The Wonders of the World: a Popular Study of Biological Philosophy (pg. 340). Harper.
3. Oparin, Alexander. (1936). The Origin of Life (introduction and translation: Serguis Morgulis) (pdf) (pg. 35). Dover, 2003.
External links
● William Thierre Preyer – Wikipedia.