A 1990 Guinness Book of World Records clip, from their section "youngest undergraduates", discussion how William Thomson entered college at age 10. [6] |
# | IQ | Person | Age | Degree[s] | IQ estimates | Description |
------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------=====-------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ||||
#. | (2000-) | 9 | BS electrical engineering (age 9) | 2019 | A Belgian child prodigy; in Nov 2016 (age 6), just starting high school, was being cited with an IQ of 145+ (Ѻ); in Dec 2019 (age 9), is slated, according to reports (21 Nov 2019) (Ѻ), to completed a BS in electrical engineering at Eindhoven University of Technology (Ѻ), and then go into medicine to make artificial organs; for ratio IQ of 267 see note. [N2] | ||
1. | (1982-) | 10 | AS geology | 1992 (age 8) BS anthropology (age 10) | 1992 MS biochemistry (age 14) MS computer science (age 17) | Completed associates degree in geology from Santa Rosa Junior College (age 8), BS in anthropology from the University of South Alabama (age 10), MS in biochemistry from Middle Tennessee State University (age 14), and MS in computer science from Vanderbilt University (age 17). | ||
2. | (1987-) | 10 | BS physics (age 10) | 1997 MS (age 12) PhD physics (age 21) | Completed high school at the age 9; completed BS in physics at the age of 10 and MS at age 12 both at Patna Science College (Patna University); completed PhD (age 21 or 22) on "Generalizations of the Quantum Search Algorithm" at the Indian Institute of Science. (Ѻ) | ||
3. | (1976-) | 11 | BS computational mathematics | 1987 | At 8 he was enrolled at Cabrillo College, a two-year community college in Santa Cruz, California, where he studied physics and mathematics getting straight As; at 10 he transferred to the University of California at Santa Cruz to major in computation mathematics, graduating a year later (age 11). He was listed in the Guinness Book as being the youngest college graduate in history (only to be beat by Michael Kearney in 1992). | ||
4. | (1990-) | 12 | BS biology | 2002 PhD genetics (age 18) MD (age 21) | Completed BS in biology with minor in chemistry (age 12), from the Loyola University Chicago; entered combined MD-PhD program, in molecular genetics and cytology (age 13) at the University of Chicago Medical School; completed PhD in molecular genetics and cell biology (age 18); third year medical school student as of 2010. | ||
5. | (1970-) | 12 | BS mathematics (age 12) | 1982 | Completed his BS mathematics at Boise State University in 1982 (age 12), with a B+ average, degree completed in three years (Ѻ); had started graduate work at Stanford afterward, but dropped out. | ||
6. | (1963-) | 12? | BS physics | 1976? MS physics (14) PhD physics (age 15) PhD civil engineering (age 22) | Admitted to the physics department of Hanyang University (age 5), BS physics (age 12), MS physics (age 14), and PhD physics (age 15) from Colorado State University (Ѻ); PhD civil engineering (age 22), from Chungbuk National University. | ||
7. | (1971-) | 13 | BS mathematics (age 13) | 1985 BS physics (age 14) PhD (age 17) | BS mathematics (1985) at age 13, BS physics (1986) age 14, and PhD (1989) age 17 at the University of Oxford; academic post at Harvard (1990) at age 19, and associate professor with tenure at the University of Michigan in 1997. | ||
8. | (1989-) | 13 | BS mathematics | 2002 MS mathematics (age 16) | BS in mathematics, in 2002 (age 13) from Randolph-Macon College; in 2006 (age 16), he completed his MS in mathematics; as of 2010, he is working towards a second graduate degree in computational biology (Ѻ); plans to have four PhDs by age 27 (2016) in: math, aerospace engineering, international relations, and biomedical research (Ѻ). | ||
9. | (1977-) | 13 | BS biology | 1990 MD (age 17) | Completed his BS biology, at age 13 from New York University; MD at age 17 from Mount Sinai School of Medicine; ophthalmology residency at Harvard; in circa 1987; set a goal to become the youngest graduate of medical school after reading about Ben-Abraham’s age 18 MD record in the Guinness Book (Ѻ), and did so at age 17 years, 294 days. | ||
10. | — 177 | (1497-1560) | 14 | BA (age 14) | 1511 MA (age 14) | Denied per age MA classics (age 17) | Before he was 13 he entered the University of Heidelberg, where he read poetry, wrote verses, and studied, for the most part without other direction than his own. At 14 he took the Bachelor's degree. It is believed that he was working on his grammar at this time. At the end of another year he had fulfilled the requirements for the Master's degree, but the degree was denied him because of ‘his youth and boyish appearance.’ At 15 he went to Tubingen, where his studies ‘took a wide range’. ‘He sought to know everything and to be a master in every science’. ‘He gave attention chiefly to Greek and Latin literature, to philosophy, history, eloquence, logic, and mathematics, heard the theologians and the lecturers on law and medicine, and read Galen so carefully that he could repeat most of his works from memory.’ Just before his 17th birthday he received the degree of Master of Arts as first among eleven candidates and, with the degree, the license as privat docent to lecture on the ancient classics. [1] | |
11. | — 416 | (1894-1964) | 14 | BS mathematics | 1908 PhD mathematics (age 18) | Completed his BS in mathematics from Tufts College at age 14 and PhD in mathematics from Harvard at age 18 | |
12. | — 191 | (1472-1530) | 14 | BS arts | 1486 | Completed his bachelor's in arts at Oxford University at age 14. | |
13. | (1969-) | 14 | BS computer science JD (age 16) MS computer science (age 18) PhD neuroscience (age 29) | IQ estimated by psychologist Aaron Stern (father of Edith Stern [IQ=203]), following an age 10 interview; BS computer science, University of Miami; entered University of Miami’s law school at 14, graduating at 16, making a name for himself by successfully suing the State of New York for its age restrictions on the bar exam after receiving a special waiver in Florida; began practicing law at 17; MS computer science from NYU age 18; made partner in a firm by 19 (Ѻ); PhD in neuroscience age 29 at University of Miami (Ѻ); currently neurobiology professor at Stanford Medical School. | ||
14. | (1981-) | 14 | BS MS mathematics (age 15) PhD (age 20) | BS age 14; MS mathematics age 15; PhD age 20; joined the MIT faculty in 2001, at age 20, reportedly the youngest professor in the history of MIT. | ||
15. | (1989-) | 14 | BS applied mathematics | 2003 MS materials science and engineering (age 17) PhD materials science and engineering (age 18) | Completed BS (2003) in applied mathematics from Stony Brook University at age 14; MS (2006) and PhD in materials science and engineering at Drexel University; professor of mathematics at age 19. | ||
16. | (1989-) | 14 | BS | 2003 JD (age 18) | Holtz started at Cal State LA at age 10; entered UCLA Law at 15, earning a spot on the law review; passed the bar exam, first time around in 2007 (age 18). | ||
17. | (1931-2011) | 14 | AB music | 1945 MD (age 25) | AB in music from Yale in 1945 (age 14) and MD from Western Reserve University School of Medicine in 1956 (age 25). Was listed, for some two decades, prior to Jay Luo’s 1982 (age 12) BS mathematics degree, in Guinness Book of World Records, the youngest person to graduate from a United States college. [4] | ||
18. | (1972-) | 14 | BS mathematics (age 14) MS computer science (age 15) PhD computer science (age 18) | At the end of grade 3, had finished junior high school math, and had taught himself to program a computer; in grade 6, had completed high school math, and placed 7th on a provincial math competition for high school students; therein began taking introductory calculus courses at University of Prince Edward Island, during which time he learned about 12-year-old college graduate Jay Luo (1970-), and decided to apply for college. (Ѻ)(Ѻ) | ||
19. | (1998-) | 14 | BA intelligence analysis (age 14) | 2013 MA intelligence analysis (age 15) MA legal studies (age 16) | |||
20. | (1954-) | 15 | BS mathematics | 1969 MS mathematics (age 17) PhD mathematics (age 23) | Graduated from MSU, at age 15, with BS in mathematics; MS age (17); PhD in mathematics from the University of Michigan at age 23. | ||
21. | (1952-) | 15 | BS science | 1967 PhD mathematics (age 18) | Enrolled in college at 12; associated degree age 14 at Miami-Dade Jr. College; BS in mathematics at Florida Atlantic University (age 15), assistant professor of mathematics at MSU at 15; MS in mathematics at Michigan State University at age 18 (Ѻ); and or PhD in mathematics at age 18. (Ѻ) | ||
22. | (1997-) | 15 | BS ecology and evolutionary biology | 2009 BS environmental studies (age 15) MS environmental studies (age 16) | At age 12, enrolled at the University of Connecticut; completed BA (age 15) in degree in ecology and evolutionary biology and another in environmental studies; completed MS in environmental studies at age 16 (2013) at the University of Connecticut. Currently PhD student in the Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management at University of California, Berkeley. [3] | ||
23. | (1993-) | 15 | BA (age 15) MA (age 17) PhD in psychology (age 19) | |||
24. | (1998-) | 15 | AS physics | 2009 BS mathematics (age 15) | At age 8, entered East Lost Angeles Community College, graduating with 4.0GPA at the age of 11 (2009); at age 15 (2013), completed BS in mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles. (Ѻ) | ||
25. | (1990-) | 15 | BS mathematics (age 15) MS mathematics (age 19) | At 13, in 2003, began studying mathematics at Johns Hopkins University. At 15, in 2005, she was admitted a degree program by the University of Oxford; at 19, in June 2010, she became the youngest ever graduate with a master's degree. (Ѻ)(Ѻ) | ||
26. | (aka Adrian Seng) (1975-) | 16 | BS mathematics (age 16) MS mathematics (age 16) PhD mathematics (age 20) Tenure (age 25) | |||
27. | (1991-) | 16 | BS physics (age 16) MS physics (age 22) PhD physics (age 23) JD (engaged age 24) | (Ѻ) | ||
28. | — 303 | (1898-1944) | 16 | BS mathematics | 1914 | Passed Harvard medical school anatomy exams (age 6); MIT entrance example (age 8); graduated high school (age 9); BS mathematics at Harvard in 1914 (age 16); professor of mathematics at Rice University (age 17), while pursuing PhD; age 18 to 19 was in Harvard Law School, then quit in his last semester, while in good academic standing, for no apparent reason; age 22, working on advance physics problems at MIT, but soon resigned, after learning of the military applications. | |
29. | (1992-) | 17 | BS mathematical and computer science; minor in bioengineering and life sciences | 2007 | Engineering freshman at Colorado School of Mines at age 10 (Ѻ); switched majors to graduate with a BS in math and computer science, with a minor in bioengineering and life sciences (age 16); completed first year of medical by age 17 (2009) and taking into account a seven-year residency, plans to be a board certified neurosurgeon by the time he's 28 (2020). (Ѻ) | ||
30. | (1896-1977) | 17 | JD (age 17) | 1913 | Admitted to the Arkansas Bar Association in 1913 at age seventeen, having previously studied law in his father’s office. | ||
31. | (1983-) | 18 | BS physics | 2001 PhD physics (age 22) | At age 14 entered Caltech; began working with NASA at age 16 on a project exploring the possibility of colonizing Mars; completed BS at age 18 from Caltech with a 4.2 GPA; completed PhD in physics (2005) at age 22 at Princeton; currently is an assistant professor of astrophysics at CalTech. | ||
32. | — 165 | (1928-2015) | 19 | BS mathematics (age 19) MS mathematics (age 20) PhD in economics (age 22) | At c. age 15, enrolled in the chemical engineering program at Carnegie Institute of Technology “This is to recommend Mr. John F. Nash, Jr. who has applied for entrance to the graduate college at Princeton. Mr. Nash is nineteen years old and is graduating from Carnegie Tech in June. He is a mathematical genius.” — Richard Duffin (1947), “Graduate School Recommendation Letter” (Ѻ) then swited to chemistry, then mathematics, completing his BS and MS in mathematics there; at age 21 (1949) or 22 (1950), he completed his PhD with a 28-page dissertation on “Non-Cooperative Games”, written under the supervision of doctoral advisor Albert W. Tucker, based partially on John Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern’s Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (1944), a dissertation that in 1994 won him the Nobel Prize in economics. | |
33. | (1915-2001) | 18/19 | BS chemistry | 1934 PhD chemistry (age 24) Post-graduate work at CalTech (under Pauling) | |||
34. | (1959-) | 20 | PhD particle physics | 1979 | PhD (age 20) at CalTech under Richard Feynman and others. | ||
35. | — 53 | (1824-1907) | 21 | Glasgow University student (age 10) BS mathematics and natural philosophy | 1845 (age 21) Chair of natural philosophy (age 22) | At age 10, began his studies at Glasgow University; at age 13, defended Joseph Fourier’s 1822 theory of heat over that of Philip Kelland’s 1837 heat theory; at age 17, entered Cambridge University, during which year he published first scientific papers; at age 21, completed his BS at Cambridge, graduating as Second Wrangler, during which time he simultaneous unearthed the then unknown and forgotten memoirs of Sadi Carnot’s 1824 On the motive Power of Fire, therein initiating the science of thermodynamics, along with George Green’s 1828 memoir on the mathematics of electricity and magnetism, therein seeding what would become electromagnetic theory, via his soon-to-become friend James Maxwell; at age 22, was chair of natural philosophy at the University of Glasgow. | |
36. | — 12 | (1875-1946) | 21 | matriculated college (age 13) Sophomore (age 16) BA chemistry (age 21) MA chemistry (age 23) PhD physical chemistry (age 24) | Educated at home by his parents in the style of the English tutoring system, where, as he says, he ‘escaped some of the ordinary processes of formal education’. (Ѻ) His only public schooling occurred between the ages of 9 to 14 years in Lincoln, Nebraska. At age 14, entered the University of Nebraska, where he completed up to his sophomore year, after which he transferred to Harvard College, where at he completed his BS in chemistry (1896), his MA (1898), and PhD (1899), the latter with a thesis on “Some Electrochemical and Thermochemical Reactions of Zinc and Cadmium Amalgams”, which was published jointly with American chemist Theodore Richards. |
# | IQ | Person | Age | Degree[s] | IQ estimates | Description |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ||||
1. | (2000-) | 9 | BS electrical engineering (age 9) | 2019 | A Belgian child prodigy; in Nov 2016 (age 6), just starting high school, was being cited with an IQ of 145+ (Ѻ); in Dec 2019 (age 9), is slated, according to reports (21 Nov 2019) (Ѻ), to completed a BS in electrical engineering at Eindhoven University of Technology (Ѻ), and then go into medicine to make artificial organs; for ratio IQ of 267 see note. [N2] | ||
2. | (2003-) | 15 | BS electrical engineering (age 15) | 2018 | In 2018, at age 15, completed his BS in electrical engineering, with minors in physics, computer science, and applied mathematics, at University of Virginia; after teaching himself to read at age 2, mastered calculus at age 9 (see: prodigies and calculus), learned organic chemistry from a textbook, and started college courses at UVA at the age of 10. (Ѻ) | ||
3. | (2003-) | 15 | BS biomedical engineering (age 15) | 2018 | Joined Mensa when he was age 4, was home-schooled after feeling ‘bored’ in his classes, graduating from high school at age 10 (Ѻ); in 2015, at age 11, completed three associates degrees, at American River College (Ѻ); in 2018, aged 15, completed BS in biomedical engineering (Ѻ) at University of California, Davis. | ||
4. | (1989-) | 17 | BS applied mathematics | 2003 MS materials science and engineering (age 17) PhD materials science and engineering (age 18) | Completed BS (2003) in applied mathematics from Stony Brook University at age 14; MS (2006) and PhD in materials science and engineering at Drexel University; professor of mathematics at age 19. |
# | IQ | Person | Age | Degree[s] | IQ estimates | Description |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ||||
1. | (1800-1883) | 16 | LLD (PhD in law) | |||
2. | (1969-) | 16 | BS computer science JD (age 16) | 1985 MS computer science (age 18) PhD neuroscience (age 29) | Entered University of Miami’s law school at 14, graduating at 16, making a name for himself by successfully suing the State of New York for its age restrictions on the bar exam after receiving a special waiver in Florida; began practicing law at 17; MS computer science from NYU age 18; made partner in a firm by 19 (Ѻ); | ||
3. | (1896-1977) | 17 | JD (age 17) | 1913 | Admitted to the Arkansas Bar Association in 1913 at age seventeen, having previously studied law in his father’s office. | ||
4. | (1989-) | 18 | BS | 2003 JD (age 18) | Holtz started at Cal State LA at age 10; entered UCLA Law at 15, earning a spot on the law review; passed the bar exam, first time around in 2007 (age 18). |
# | IQ | Person | Age | Degree[s] | IQ estimates | Description |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ||||
1. | (1977-) | 17 | BS biology | 1990 MD (age 17) | Completed his BS biology, at age 13 from New York University; MD at age 17 from Mount Sinai School of Medicine; ophthalmology residency at Harvard; in circa 1987; set a goal to become the youngest graduate of medical school after reading about Ben-Abraham’s age 18 MD record in the Guinness Book (Ѻ), and did so at age 17 years, 294 days. | ||
2. | (1957-) | 18 | MD | 1976 [?] | Quote: "The youngest to receive a Doctor of Medicine degree is Avi Ben-Abraham (b. Nov 18, 1957, Kfar-Saba, Israel) who graduated with the MD summa *** laude on Mar 4, 1976 from the Univ of Perugia, Italy, at the age of 18 years 3 months" (Guinness Book, 1987); supposedly a dubious and or contested assertion (Ѻ) and or some-kind of high-society genius self-promotion scam. (Ѻ) | ||
3. | (1990-) | 21 | BS biology (age 12) PhD genetics (age 18) MD (age 21) | Completed BS in biology with minor in chemistry (age 12), from the Loyola University Chicago; entered combined MD-PhD program, in molecular genetics and cytology (age 13) at the University of Chicago Medical School; completed PhD in molecular genetics and cell biology (age 18); third year medical school student as of 2010. |
# | IQ | Person | Age | Degree[s] | IQ estimates | Description |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | ||||
1. | (1800-1883) | 13 | Age 9.5 matriculated at Leipzig University Age 12 [Guinness Book], 13, or 14 (Ѻ), PhD in philosophy at University of Giessen, Germany. Age 16 Doctor of Law | A forced prodigy; a product of the efforts of his father Karl H.G. Witte (1767-1845) (Ѻ), who, being disenchanted with social ills, e.g. gambling, sex, etc., believed that most wasted their “god-given intellects”; and set out to see that his son did not waste his; his two-volume The Education of Karl Witte: Training of the Child (1819) (Ѻ) details the accelerated raising of Witte. IQ determined (Ѻ) by Lita Hollingworth (1942) to be “in excess of 180”. | ||
2. | (1963-) | 15 | BS physics (age 12) MS physics (age 14) PhD physics (age 15) PhD civil engineering (age 22) | Admitted to the physics department of Hanyang University (age 5), BS physics (age 12), MS physics (age 14), and PhD physics (age 15) from Colorado State University (Ѻ); PhD civil engineering (age 22), from Chungbuk National University. | ||
3. | (1971-) | 17 | BS mathematics (age 13) BS physics (age 14) PhD (age 17) | BS mathematics (1985) at age 13, BS physics (1986) age 14, and PhD (1989) age 17 at the University of Oxford; academic post at Harvard (1990) at age 19, and associate professor with tenure at the University of Michigan in 1997. | ||
4. | (1989-) | 18 | BS applied mathematics | 2003 MS (age 17) PhD materials science and engineering (age 18) | Completed BS (2003) in applied mathematics from Stony Brook University at age 14; MS (2006) and PhD in materials science and engineering at Drexel University; professor of mathematics at age 19. | ||
5. | (1990-) | 18 | BS biology (age 12) PhD genetics (age 18) MD (age 21) | |||
6. | — 416 | (1894-1964) | 18 | BS mathematics (age 14) PhD mathematics (age 18) | Completed his BS in mathematics from Tufts College at age 14 and PhD in mathematics from Harvard at age 18 | |
7. | (1952-) | 18 | BS science | 1967 PhD mathematics (age 18) | Enrolled in college at 12; associated degree age 14 at Miami-Dade Jr. College; BS in mathematics at Florida Atlantic University (age 15), assistant professor of mathematics at MSU at 15; MS in mathematics at Michigan State University at age 18 (Ѻ); and or PhD in mathematics at age 18. (Ѻ) | ||
8. | (1972-) | 18 | BS mathematics (age 14) MS computer science (age 15) PhD computer science (age 18) | |||
9. | (1993-) | 19 | BA (age 15) MA (age 17) PhD in psychology (age 19) | |||
10. | (1959-) | 20 | PhD particle physics (age 20) | PhD (age 20) at CalTech under Richard Feynman and others. | ||
11. | (1981-) | 20 | BS (age 14) MS mathematics (age 15) PhD (age 20) | BS age 14; MS mathematics age 15; PhD age 20; joined the MIT faculty in 2001, at age 20, reportedly the youngest professor in the history of MIT. |
# | IQ | Person | Age | Degree[s] | IQ estimates | Description |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ||||
1. | (1989-) | 19 | BS applied mathematics | 2003 MS materials science and engineering (age 17) PhD materials science and engineering (age 18) Professor of mathematics (age 19) | 2008 | Completed BS (2003) in applied mathematics from Stony Brook University at age 14; MS (2006) and PhD in materials science and engineering at Drexel University; professor of mathematics at age 19. [5] | ||
2. | (1698-1746) | 19 | MS mathematical physics (age 15) | 1715 Professor of mathematics (age 19) | 1717 | (Eells 100:27) Scottish child prodigy; entered university of Glasgow at age 11; on 23 Jun 1715, aged 15, he completed MS in mathematical physics, with a thesis “On Gravity and Other Natural Forces” (De Gravitate, aliisque viribus Naturalibus) (Ѻ), wherein he defended Newton’s theory of gravity against rival theories, namely Descartes’ vortex theory (Ѻ), along the way attempting to digress on certain philosophical aspects of a universal law of gravity; at age 19 became professor of mathematics at Marischal College, Aberdeen; after which he joined the Royal Society, where he met Newton, and went on to further some of Newton’s work. (Ѻ) [5] | ||
3. | — 53 | (1824-1907) | 22 | Glasgow University student (age 10) BS mathematics and natural philosophy | 1845 Chair of natural philosophy (age 22) | At age 10, began his studies at Glasgow University; at age 13, defended Joseph Fourier’s 1822 theory of heat over that of Philip Kelland’s 1837 heat theory; at age 17, entered Cambridge University, during which year he published first scientific papers; at age 21, completed his BS at Cambridge, graduating as Second Wrangler, during which time he simultaneous unearthed the then unknown and forgotten memoirs of Sadi Carnot’s 1824 On the motive Power of Fire, therein initiating the science of thermodynamics, along with George Green’s 1828 memoir on the mathematics of electricity and magnetism, therein seeding what would become electromagnetic theory, via his soon-to-become friend James Maxwell; at age 22, was chair of natural philosophy at the University of Glasgow. |
# | IQ | Person | Age | Degree[s] | IQ estimates | Description |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ||||
1. | (1999-) | 15 | At age 15 (2014), completed one-year non-degree master's level program at the Perimeter Institute. (Ѻ) | |||
2. | ||||||
“Gilbert Lewis was born near Boston, Massachusetts, on 25 Oct 1875. At the age of nine, he was taken by his parents to live in Lincoln, Nebraska. Here, for several years, he had little formal schooling, enjoying an advantage which he mentioned in his later years as having occurred frequently in the careers of the world's most distinguished men, that of having ‘escaped some of the ordinary processes of formal education’. At the age of thirteen, he was admitted to the preparatory school of the University of Nebraska. He graduated from this school into the University of Nebraska, where he remained to complete the sophomore year. In 1893 he transferred to Harvard College, and, after graduating in 1896, spent a year in teaching at Phillips Academy at Andover. He then returned to Harvard for graduate work and received the degree of Master of Arts in 1898 and Doctor of Philosophy in 1899. His thesis was entitled, 'Some electrochemical and thermochemical relations of zinc and cadmium amalgams', and was published jointly with Theodore Richards.”— Joel Hildebrand (1947), “Gilbert Newton Lewis, 1875-1946” (Ѻ)
A 2007 video summary of this page by Libb Thims. [7] |