An 11-centemeter Cave of Skulls papyrus, carbon dated to 700BC, a receipt of delivery of wineskin, showing the name “Jerusalem” (Ѻ) the oldest mention of the name, dating to the time of the first Judaic temple period. (Ѻ) |
“All Israel has a share in the world to come, as Isaiah said: and all of your people who are righteous will merit eternity and inherent the land. And these are the people who do not merit the world to come: (a) the ones who say that there is no resurrection of the dead, (b) those who deny the Torah is from the heavens, and (c) the Epicureans.”— Anon (c.200AD), Mishnah (§:Sanhedrin) [1]
See main: Is-Ra-ElIn 1858, Samuel Dunlap, in his Vestiges of the Spirit of Man, citing Franz Movers (1841), stated that the Hebrews were the first to turn the ancient sun gods into patriarchs (see: god-to-prophet), therein mediating a de-deification or god reduction: [3]
“In this way, antiquity disposes of its sun-gods. The Hebrews turned [gods] into Patriarchs [see: god reduction]. Adam, Abraham, Israel, were names of Saturn. Edom is Adam; and the ancient usage was to name the nation, the land or city after the chief god. The Greeks made these deities founders of tribes.”
“Is = light + Ra = sun + El = first cause. Israel = the church of god. Hence, it is the church of god which goes forth to usurp the power and control of established governments, and the church of god rewards the Jews for support by giving them control over Canaan, merchandizing and trading.”
“The prophet whom it is so important to vindicate is ‘Is-a-iah’. Is means light. Is-ra-el is: Is, the light of Ra, the sun, is El, the first cause. The Hebrews express Isis as Jesse, ... Is in Israel is identical with Isis, the Egyptian goddess of light; light meaning revealed wisdom, knowledge.”
“The fire-god of Ur was Ab-Ram. The Hebrew world ‘Ab’ means ‘father’, and Ram (head sign of the Zodiac) means ‘most high’. Ab-Ram and Is-Ra-El were names of Saturn.”
“The [Judeo-Christian] Cosmogony, that is, the account of the creation with which the book of Genesis opens, has been taken and mutilated from the Zend-Avesta of Zoroaster, and was fixed as a preface to the Bible after the Jews returned from captivity in Babylon, and that the Robbins of the Jews do not hold their account in Genesis to be a fact, but mere allegory. The six thousand years in the Zend-Avesta, is changed or interpolated into six days in the account of Genesis.”— Thomas Paine (c.1803), “Origin of the Christian Religion”
“I call belief in revealed Judaism ‘supernaturalism’, not in the sense of the dogma restraining freedom of thought, but certainly in the sense of the dogma which admits the supernatural meaning of events that happen contrary to the usual order of nature, like miracles and revelation.”— Samuel Luzzatto (c.1850), cited by Jennifer Hecht (2003) in Doubt: a History (pg. 378)
“The Hebrew religion stepped out from the noblest side of the Dionysus-worship, influenced, no doubt, to some extent by Persian and Babylonian ideas, but still retaining the Phoenician impress.”— Samuel Dunlap (1861), Sod: the Mysteries of the Adoni [2]
“The Hebrew redactors used Egyptian myths to make the biblical stories; which, from time to time, had Babylonian myths grafted onto earlier texts or replaced portions of the original stories.”— Gary Greenberg (2000), 101 Myths of the Bible (pg. 7)