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| Term
| Definition
|
| Greek [Roman] [Egyptian]
|
|
| 1. | Zeus [Jupiter] [Amen-Ra] [Osiris] (Taylor, 1829)
|  the supreme deity of the heathen world, wife of Jupiter [check: typo/paste error?], and queen of heaven; in 332BC, Alexander claimed divine rule under Amen-Zeus, aka the Egyptian + Greek god syncretism of Amen-Ra and Zeus.
“Matter and energy moves itself. It has no exterior mover.”
— Jean Meslier (c.1720) (Ѻ)
“Before we understand science, it is natural believe that god created the universe. But now science offers a more convincing explanation. What I meant [in A Brief History of Time (1988) (Ѻ)] by ‘we would know the mind of god’ is, we would know everything that god would know, if there were a god. Which there isn’t. I’m an atheist.”
— Stephen Hawking (2014), El Mundo interview, Sep 23 (Ѻ)(Ѻ)(Ѻ) |
| 2. | Juno | protectress of married women. |
| 3. | Apollo [Horus] (Ѻ)(Ѻ) | god of music, poetry, and the sciences. |
| 4. | Minerva, or Pallas | daughter of Jupiter, and goddess of wisdom. |
| 5. | Mercury [Odin] (Ѻ) | the god of eloquence, and messenger of the gods. |
| 6. | Aeolus | god of the winds [etymology of aeolipile]. |
| 7. | Dionysus [Bacchus] [Osiris] | god of wine.
|
| 8. | Mars [#1] |  god of war.
[“A particle of matter cannot tell us that it is unconscious of the laws of attraction and repulsion and that the law is not true; but man, who is the subject of history, says bluntly: I am free, and am therefore not subject to laws.”
— Leo Tolstoy (1869), War and Peace]
|
| 9. | Diana | goddess of hunting, and chastity. |
| 10. | Esculapius | god of physic. |
| 11. | Venus [Aphrodite] [#2]
|  goddess of beauty and love.
[Image: Beckhap's law proof] |
| 12. | Aurora | goddess of the morning. |
| 13. | Cupid [Eros] [#3] |  son of Venus, and god of love. |
| 14. | Saturn | god of time. |
| 15. | Astrea |  goddess of justice. |
| 16. | Até | goddess of revenge. |
| 17. | Bellona | goddess of war, and sister to Mar. |
| 18. | Boreas | god of the north wind. |
| 19. | Agenoria | goddess of industry. |
| 20. | Angerona | goddess of silence. |
| 21. | Ceres | goddess of agriculture. |
| 22. | Collilla | goddess of hills. |
| 23. | Comus | god of laughter and mirth. |
| 24. | Concordia | goddess of peace. |
| 25. | Cybele | wife of the god Saturn, and mother of the earth. |
| 26. | Discordia | the goddess of contention. |
| 27. | Fama, or Fame | the goddess of report. |
| 28. | Flora | the goddess of flowers. |
| 29. | Fortuna [#4] |  the goddess of happiness and misery, said to be blind [etymology of fortune]. |
| 30. | Harpocrates | the god of silence. |
| 31. | Hebe | goddess of youth. |
| 32. | Hygeia | goddess of health. |
| 33. | Hymen | god of marriage. |
| 34. | Janus [#5] |  a Roman deity, who was said to be endowed with the knowledge of the past and the future. He was considered as being the guardian of the roads, the inventor of doors, of boats, and crowns. His temple, built by Numa, was open in time of war, and shut in time of peace. |
| 35. | Lares | household gods among the Romans: they were also called Penates. |
| 36. | Mnemosyne | goddess of memory. |
| 37. | Momus | god of raillery. |
| 38. | Mors [#6] |  goddess of death [etymology of moral | immoral; mortal | immortal; mortician, etc.]. |
| 39. | Nox | the most ancient of all the deities. |
| 40. | Pan | the god of shepherds [seeming etymology of pan-prefix terms, e.g. pantheism, panbioism, panexperientialism, etc.]. |
| 41. | Pluto | god of hell. |
| 42. | Proserpine | wife to Pluto, and queen of the internal regions. |
| 43. | Plutus | god of riches. |
| 44. | Pomona | goddess of fruits and autumn. |
| 45. | Proteus | a sea-god, said to have the power of changing himself into any shape he pleased. |
| 46. | Psyche [#7] |  the wife of Cupid, goddess of mind [etymology of psychology]. |
| 47. | Pudicitia | goddess of modesty. |
| 48. | Sylvanus | god of the woods. |
| 49. | Terminus | god of boundaries [etymology of terminal]. |
| 50. | Neptune | god of the sea. |
| 51. | Amphitrite | goddess of the sea. |
| 52. | Thetis | a sea-nymph. |
| 53. | Vacuna | goddess of idle persons. |
| 54. | Vertumnus | god of the spring. |
| 55. | Vesta | goddess of fire. |
| 56. | Morpheus [#8] |  god of dreams [etymology of the character “Morpheus” of The Matrix (1999), per the phrase “do you ever have that feeling that your dreaming but still awake?”].
[Image: atheist rabbit hole]. |
| 57. | Somnus | god of sleep. |
| 58. | Vulcan | god of fire. |
| 59. | The Parcae, or Fates [#9] |  daughters of Necessitas. They were supposed to spin and cut the thread of human life and destiny. Their names were Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos [etymology of the term fate]. |
| 60. | Furies | daughters Acheron and Nox, the punishers of wicked deeds. There names were Alecto, Megara, and Tisiphone. They are armed with whips and torches, and have serpents twining in their hair. |
| 61. | Graces | three sisters, daughters of Jupiter, and attendants upon Venus and the Muses: their names were Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne. |
| 62. | The Gorgons | the three daughters of Phorcus and Cete. They are represented as having their heads covered with vipers, as having but one eye between them, and an appearance so hideous as to turn into stone all who looked upon them. . Their names were Euryale, Medusa, and Stheno. |
| 63. | Muses | the nine daughters of Jupiter, and the goddess of memory. They presided over the sciences, and were called Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, Polyhymnia, Terpsichore, Thalia, and Urania. Calliope was the muse of eloquence and heroic poetry; Clio, of history; Erato, of amorous poetry; Euterpe, of music; Melpomene, of tragedy; Polyhymnia, of rhetoric; Terpsichore, of dancing; Thalia, of comedy and lyric poetry; and Urania, of astronomy. |
| 64. | Harpies | three monsters, with the faces of women, the bodies of vultures, and hands armed with claws: their names were Aelo, Ocypete, and Celaeno. |
| 65. | Hesperides | three sisters, who kept golden apples in a garden, guarded by a dragon: Hercules slew the dragon, and carried off the apples. |
| 66. | Acheron | a river in hell. |
| 67. | Achilles | a Grecian who signalized himself at the siege of Troy; and is said to have been dipped by his mother in the river Styx, which rendered him invulnerable in every part, except his right heel, by which she held him [etymology of Achilles’ heel]. |
| 68. | Actaeon | a famous hunter, changed by Diana into a stag, for disturbing her while bathing. |
| 69. | Adonis | a youth said to be extremely beautiful, and beloved by Venus. |
| 70. | Aeacus | one of the judges of hell. |
| 71. | Aegis | the shield of Minerva, covered with the skin of the goat Amalthea, by whose milk Jupiter was nourished, having, as a boss, the terrific head of the Gorgon Medusa. |
| 72. | Ambarvalia | sacrifices in honour of Ceres. |
| 73. | Ambrosia | the food of the gods. |
| 74. | Acis | a Sicilian shepherd, extremely beautiful. |
| 75. | Aegeria | a beautiful nymph, worshipped by the Romans, from whom Numa asserted that he had received the wise laws he gave to the Romans. |
| 76. | Arachne | a woman turned into a spider, for contending with Minerva at spinning. |
| 77. | Argus | a man said to have had an hundred eyes, changed by Juno into a peacock. |
| 78. | Atalanta | a woman remarkable for her swift running. |
| 79. | Atlas [#10] |  the son of Jupiter, aid to have supported the heavens on his shoulders; afterwards turned into: mountain [see: Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand].
[Image: a depiction of Shu, of the Heliopolis creation myth, holding up the heavens or sky (Nut); the precursor to Atlas] |
| 80. | Avernus | a lake in the infernal regions. |
| 81. | Briareus | a giant, said to have had fifty heads and one hundred hands. |
| 82. | Brumalia | feasts held in honor of Bacchus. |
| 83. | Caduceus | a wand borne by Mercury, round which were entwined two snakes, by which he induced or drove away sleep, and commanded the shadowy multitudes of ghosts. |
| 84. | Castiades | a name given to the Muses. |
| 85. | Centaurs | creatures half men, half horses, said to have inhabited Thessaly. |
| 86. | Castor and Pollux | two brothers, who had immortality conferred upon them alternately, by Jupiter. They make that constellation in the heavens called Gemini. |
| 87. | Cerberus | a dog with three heads, which kept the gates of hell. |
| 88. | Charities | a name for the Graces. |
| 89. | Charon | the ferryman of hell. |
| 90. | Chiron | a centaur, who taught Esculapius physics; Hercules astronomy; and was afterwards made the constellation Sagittarius. |
| 91. | Circe | a famous enchantress. |
| 92. | Cocytus | a river in hell, flowing from the river Styx. |
| 93. | Cyclops | the workmen of Vulcan, who had only one eye in the middle of their forehead. |
| 94. | Delos | the island where Apollo was born, and had a celebrated oracle. |
| 95. | Dryades | nymphs of the woods. |
| 96. | Daphne | a beautiful woman, changed into the laurel tree as she fled from Apollo. |
| 97. | Elysium | the paradise of the heathens. |
| 98. | Erebus | a river in hell, famed for its blackness. |
| 99. | Ganymede | a beautiful boy, made cup-bearer to Jupiter. |
| 100. | Genii | guardian angels: there were good and evil. |
| 101. | Gordius | a king of Phrygia, who was famed for having fastened a knot of cords [Gordian knot], on which the empire of Asia depended, in so intricate a manner, that Alexander the Great, not being able to untie it, cut it asunder. |
| 102. | Gyges | a shepherd, who possessed a ring which rendered him invisible when he turned the stone towards his body. |
| 103. | Hamadryades | nymphs said to have lived in oak-trees. |
| 104. | Hermes | a name for Mercury [see: Hermes Trismegistus]. |
| 105. | Hecate | Diana's name in hell. |
| 106. | Helicon | a famous mountain in Boeotia, sacred to Apollo and the Muses. |
| 107. | Hercules [Thor] [Horus] (Ѻ) | the son of Jupiter, famed for his great strength and numerous exploits.
Note: Horus is also spelled "Heru" (Muata Ashby). [4]
|
| 108. | Hesperus, or Vesper | the poetical name for the evening star. |
| 109. | Hydra | a serpent with seven heads, killed by Hercules [see: hydraism]. |
| 110. | Ida | a famous mountain near Troy. |
| 111. | Ixion | a wicked tyrant, who, having insulted Juno, was affixed to a wheel in the infernal regions, perpetually revolving over burning fumes. |
| 112. | Iris | the messenger of Juno, changed by her into the rainbow. |
| 113. | Lamiae | a name for the Gorgons. |
| 114. | Lethe | a river in hell, whose waters had the power of causing forgetfulness. |
| 115. | Lucifer | the poetical name for the morning star. |
| 116. | Latona | a nymph loved by Jupiter: she was the mother of Apollo and Diana. |
| 117. | Medea | a famous sorceress. |
| 118. | Midas | a king of Phrygia, who had the power given him, by Bacchus, of turning whatever he touched into gold. |
| 119. | Minos | one of the judges of hell, famed for his justice: he was king of Crete. |
| 120. | Nereides | sea-nymphs; of whom there were fifty. |
| 121. | Naioades | nymphs of rivers and fountains. |
| 123. | Niobe | a woman said to have wept herself into a statue for the loss of her fourteen children [possible etymology of “Niobe” of The Matrix (1999)]. |
| 124. | Nectar | the beverage of the gods. |
| 125. | Olympus | a famous mountain in Thessaly, the resort of the gods. |
| 126. | Orpheus | the son of Jupiter and Calliope. His musical powers were so great, that he is said to have charmed rocks, trees, and stones, by the sound of his lyre. |
| 127. | Pactolus | a river said to have golden sands. |
| 128. | Pandora [#11] [Eve] |  a woman made by Vulcan, endowed with gifts by all the gods and goddesses. She had a box given her containing all kinds of evils, with Hope at the bottom. |
| 129. | Pegasus | a winged horse, belonging to Apollo and the Muses. |
| 130. | Phaeton | the son of Apollo, who asked the guidance of his father's chariot as a proof of his divine descent, but managed it so ill that he set the world on fire. |
| 131. | Phlegethon | a boiling river in hell. |
| 132. | Prometheus [#12] |  a man who, assisted by Minerva, stole fire from heaven, with which he is said to have animated a figure formed of clay [see: Hippocrates (400BC) and animal heat]. Jupiter, as a punishment for his audacity, condemned him to be chained to Mount Caucasus, with a vulture perpetually gnawing his liver.
[Adjacent image (Ѻ) on legend telling how the gods chose two brothers, Prometheus and Epimethius, to create the living things that would inhabit a planet which was beautiful to look at but, as yet, quite empty of life.] |
| 133. | Pigmies | a tribe of men in Libya, represented by poetical fiction as only a span in height, and as carrying on continual war with the cranes. |
| 134. | Python | a serpent which Apollo killed; in memory of which the Pythian games were instituted. |
| 135. | Pyramus and Thisbe | two fond lovers, who killed themselves with the same sword, and whose blood changed the color of the berries of the mulberry tree under which they died from white to purple. |
| 136. | Pindus | a mountain in Thessaly, sacred to the Muses. |
| 137. | Philemon and Baucis | a poor old man and woman who entertained Jupiter and Mercury in their travels through Phrygia, when they were refused hospitality by the other inhabitants of the village. For which good act their cottage was, at their desire, changed into a temple, of which they were made priest and priestess; and they were permitted to die at the same time, that neither might have the pain of surviving the other. |
| 138 | Polyphemus | one of the Cyclops, the son of Neptune; a cruel monster, whom Ulysses destroyed. |
| 139 | Rhadamanthus | one of the judges of hell. |
| 140. | Saturnalia | feasts sacred to Saturn. |
| 141. | Satyrs | priests of Bacchus, half men, half goats. |
| 142. | Stentor | a Grecian, whose voice was as strong and loud as that of fifty men together. |
| 143. | Syrens | sea-monsters, who charmed people with the sweetness of their music, and then devoured them. |
| 144. | Sisyphus [#13] |  a man doomed to roll a large stone up a mountain in hell, which continually rolled back; as a punishment for his perfidy and numerous robberies [see: Jean-Paul Sartre]. |
| 145. | Styx | a river in hell, by which when the gods swore, their oath was irrevocable. |
| 146. | Tempe | a beautiful vale in Thessaly, the resort of the gods. |
| 147. | Tartarus | the abode of the wicked in hell. |
| 148. | Triton | Neptune's son, and his trumpeter. |
| 149. | Trophonius | the son of Apollo, who gave oracles in a gloomy cave, which made those silent who entered it. |
| 150. | Tantalus | the son of Jupiter, who, serving up the limbs of his son Pelops in a dish, to try the divinity of the gods, was plunged up to the chin in a lake of hell, the water of which escaped from his lips whenever he attempted to drink; while a tree, that hung over his head laden with fruit, swung its branches out of his reach whenever he tried to pluck and eat; so that he suffered the pain of unqueuchable thirst and hunger. |
| 151. | Zephyrus | the poetical name for the west wind. |
